A Health Indicator Of Nepal Essay - 1488 Words

PUBLC HEALTH INDICATOR SNAP OF NEPAL Nepal is a relatively small (population around 26.5 million) land-locked country, bordered by the two biggest countries in the world, India and China. Its renowned physical beauty makes it very fragmented and many parts are inaccessible by modern transport and communication facilities. There are few cities and 86% of the population lives in rural areas. The country is divided into 5 development regions, 14 zones and 75 districts. Despite its richness in biodiversity, natural resources and cultural multiplicity, Nepal has still remained a developing country where more than 24 percent of the people live under the poverty line. The impact of the poverty is manifest in all other sectors like health and hygiene, education, disaster and conflict preparedness, access to and distribution of resources, gender equity, as well as respect for humanitarian values. The transitional period of developmental change in the legal, political, financial and diplomatic scenario indicate that the country n eeds more efforts in the fields of social reformation, rehabilitation and development. ________________________________________ PUBLIC HEALTH SCENARIO OF NEPAL The Government of Nepal has recognized health care, reproductive right, women right, safe environment right, as abasic fundamental right, as acknowledged in the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 (2007), and has declared that it’s the state s responsibility to ensure people s health. The vision of anShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Issues Of Nepal1312 Words   |  6 Pages Health Care Issues in Nepal (By Krishna Prasad Subedi) Summary The newly formed constitution of Nepal (2015) has recognized the health care services as basic rights of people and promised that government will provide the reproductive right, safe environmental right and free primary health care for every citizen in the country. Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) has launched a basic program to improve the health care services in Nepal. But for this plan the political vision of an inclusiveRead MoreEvaluating The Effectiveness Of Foreign Aid And The Millennium Development Goals978 Words   |  4 Pagesproject in Bangladesh and Nepal Research Question: How does Foreign Aid impact Gender Inequality in Bangladesh and Nepal? Proposal: The impact of gender inequality in Bangladesh and Nepal is often influenced by the lack of good governance in impoverished countries such as these. Without good governance, it is likely that only a fraction of that aid will go towards rebuilding the lives of survivors from a natural disaster. Natural disasters can also be a strong indicator as to how much relief a countryRead MoreMalnutrition : A Common Problem1480 Words   |  6 PagesNepal Nutrition Section, CHD, DoHS, MoHP. (2004,p.5 ). Malnutrition is a very common problem in children under five years of age in Nepal and is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality– accounting for more than half of all child deaths. The process of stunting occurs between conception and two years of age, and is an irreversible process. Furthermore, the population of Nepal, especially women and children, are affected by major micronutrient deficiencies. Malnutrition increases theRead MoreThe Issue Of Child Marriage Essay1266 Word s   |  6 Pagesone of the hardest things a teenage child could face. It is basically a violation of children’s human rights. It is strictly prohibited by international law. Early marriage takes away the girls right to make important decisions about their sexual health and well being. Historically, patriarchal societies have marginalized women in various aspects across the world. Women disenfranchisement, in this way, is not a new phenomenon. However, with the passage of time women have been able to claim theirRead MoreThe Demographic Transition Of Nepal1540 Words   |  7 PagesTransition Research paper Nepal has â…“ of the population living below the poverty line, thus, making it one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Nepal has an area of 147,181 square kilometres and a population of approximately 27 million (The World Factbook). Nepal is moving on to the late stage three of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) because both the crude birth rate (CBR) and the crude death rate (CDR) are decreasing. Additionally, another reason for Nepal to be in the thirdRead MoreThe Newly Formed Constitution Of Nepal Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesGood health is a form of wealth for a person, an important indicator of human well-being. The newly formed constitution of Nepal (2015) has stressed the right to healthcare as a fundamental right of the citizens. Thus, access to health care is now protected as a constitutional right for all. In Nepal, modern health services have a short history. Until the early 1960s, only a few urban hospitals and rural dispensaries were available. Since the late 1980s, thousands of health institutions have beenRead MoreThe National Health Performance Framework Reviews Quality753 Words   |  4 Pagesto both patient and health personnel. The Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in Health Care, defined quality as the level to which possible harm and unknown outcomes are reduced (AIHW 2016). The National Health Performance Framework reviews quality as a directing theory to assess how right the health system is doing to improve the health of Australians (AIHW 2016). Quality of care is the grading to which health services for people increase the chances of expected health results (Gupta etRead MoreGender Equality and Women Empowerment2012 Words   |  9 Pageseducation no later than 2015. Four indicators are used to track progress in this goal and they are: Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education; Ratio of literate women to men of 15 to 24 year olds; Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector; and Proportion of seats held by women in National Parliament .4 Nepal as a signatory to the Millennium Development Goals is striving to meet them. Let’s consider the first indicator. The first school for girls was establishedRead MoreSolutions and strategy to overcome challenges in development of India990 Words   |  4 Pagescountries in the world. According to  World Development Indicators 2011, only 16 countries outside Africa had a lower gross national income per capita. Due to the huge inequality in sharing of wealth, the growth story is not able to attain true meaning. What India needs at this hour is an inclusive growth. In a recent article by Nobel laureate Amartya Sen and fellow economist Jean Dreze, published in Outlook opined that Bangladesh and Nepal have made more rapid progress on life expectancy, infantRead MoreGlobal Business Environmental Forces5642 Words   |  23 Pagesdemographics for instance, feeble workforce in developed countries, population growth rates, and the high educational requirements are all important factors. In addition to these factors, quality of life comprising standard of living, safety, education, health care, and many of the noneconomic activities are also main factors. Furthermore, social issues can rapidly become political and even officially permitted issues.  Social forces  are often become decisive because of their impact on peoples behavior

Slaverys Global Impact and Economic Justifications,...

Slavery’s Global Impact and Economic Justifications, Today and Yesterday Slavery existed in some form in every region of the world. During the earliest civilizations, slave labor built nations and empires in Europe, Egypt, Greece, Asia and Africa. Thousands of years later, the Portuguese, Dutch and English realized the profit value that a market in human capital would provide. Africans were exported from their homeland to the New World under the most miserable conditions imaginable. Prof. Marcus Rediker, author of The Slave Ship, A Human History says, â€Å"We’re fascinated by all the tall ships except the most important one, and that’s the slave ship. And that one we can hardly bear to look at†. Slaves were packed like sardines†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In India, Hindu law dictates that a slave should not be mistreated. A slave was to be housed, clothed and fed, and, in certain cases, could be beaten, but only on their back when punished. A slave could try to escape once, and if they succeeded they could go back t o their caste. If an owner was very religious, he would treat his slaves well† (Bogucki, 2008). In reality though, the life of a slave was different from what the religion required. Often a slave’s life was filled with terror; in most cases, they were mistreated, beaten, and killed for the slightest infraction. They were forced to haul water in poor weather, carry heavy loads of goods or other supplies and were responsible for the upkeep of their owner’s homes. Some royal governments imported slaves from Greece to work as palace guards. Women and castrated males (eunuchs) were used to protect a king’s harem of concubines and some women guards would become connubial. Ewald (1992) suggests that slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic and Islamic Africa cannot be compared. The Islamic world began trading slaves a thousand years before the Atlantic slave trade. Slaves who sailed on the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean, or those who crossed the Sahara Desert ended up in Muslim societies. Rulers and owners of large tracts of land used thousands of slaves for agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, usually in dire conditions. Of the Saharan salt mines it is said that no slave lived

School Uniforms Should Be Public Schools - 968 Words

School Uniforms Parents around the globe have emphasized the controversy over school uniforms. During the school year of 2011-2012, one in every five school required students to wear school uniforms. America s first documented schools to inaugurate uniforms were in Maryland and Washington. Throughout the previous years in America, there have been numerous disputes whether school uniforms should be in public schools. In the last 30 years, public schools have often been hostilely compared to private schools. This being said some public schools decided to change their dress code policy. Recently, Kids Fashion Expert, Michelle Kouzmine, from About Style decided to probe into the debate on School Uniforms. Educators believe when students wear uniforms, they feel more professional and behave accordingly, stated Kouzmine in her article on Uniforms. Therefore, when all students are dressed in regulation uniforms, there is less focus on fashion in the classroom and more focus on learning. An opposing article was offered by Christopher Cascio from website global post, around the same time. Cascio acknowledges that school uniforms are instigated all across the U.S. and claims they are expensive and stifle student creativity. School Uniforms fail to reduce behavioral problems or create a sense of equality among students of varying socioeconomic classes Christopher Cascio tackles the same arguments that Kouzmine addresses in her argument. These next few paragraphs willShow MoreRelatedShould Uniforms Be Used in Public Schools?1150 Words   |  5 Pagestouchiest subjects of public schools would be about if they should enforce school uniforms, or should they just enforce a dress code? This subject has many different views, and plenty of good pros and cons on the matter. In our personal belief, we think that schools should only enforce dress codes, and stay away from assigning specific uniforms. Obviously everyone has their own view on this, we are going to give you some ins ight on how dress codes could do more harm on public schools than good. TeachersRead MorePublic Schools Should Adopt A School Uniform Policy889 Words   |  4 Pagesall public schools should adopt a school uniform policy, and there is a paragraph with a counter argument with school uniforms. There is a discussion on how the crime rate decreases amongst students, how uniforms save the families money, how gang related activities have decreased, and how there is less stress between students and parents. By the time you finish reading this paper, you too should agree that all public schools should adopt a school uniform policy. All Public Schools ShouldRead MoreSchool Uniforms: Should They Be Required in Public Schools? Essay925 Words   |  4 Pages Every year there is a large debate about school uniforms and whether they should be required in our public schools, or not. Some parents and school staff think that uniform policies should be enforced, as they feel it provides a sense of safety, structure, a lack of ridicule and modesty to our children. On the other hand, there are parents that argue that it takes away a child’s freedom of expression, independence, free spirit and individuality. Both parties have good and effective arguments andRead MoreShould Uniforms Be Required For Public School Students?1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe idea of uniforms being required for public school students has been a widely controversial topic in the recent past. In the 2003-2004 school year, only one in eight public schools required students to wear uniforms (ProConorg Headlines). In the 2013-2014 school year, on e in five public schools required students to wear uniforms (ProConorg Headlines). This essay will discuss the reasons that uniforms restrict the individuality of students, burdens families that cannot afford two sets of clothesRead MoreShould Public Schools Require Uniforms Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesThere are several reasons public schools should require uniforms. â€Å"School uniforms are one of several strategies being used by this nation’s public schools to restore order in the classroom and safety in the schools† (Stanley, 2). â€Å"In addition to encouraging students to concentrate on learning, rather than on what to wear, uniforms can be social equalizers that promote peer acceptances, as well as school spirit and school pride† (Stanley, 2). School uniforms make it easier for students not toRead MoreShould Public Schools Require Uniforms? Essay2356 Words   |  10 PagesWhen I was a child attending elementary school all of my friends loved the way I dressed, but there was also other children that attended school with me that seemed inferior to me simply because of how I dressed. Usually the children that praised the way I dress always wore nice clothes themselves, while the others who didn’t dress ad nice would try to pick fights or make fun of children that did dress nice. Later on in my life as I approached high school the tables turned; the teenagers who dressedRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Be Implemented Throughout K 12 Public Schools1258 Words   |  6 PagesBobby Mishra Mrs. Bezemek Apps of Comp 24 November 2014 School Uniforms According to a study done by the National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) said that the popularity of school uniforms are clearly on the rise. Now more schools have uniforms rising from 28 percent to 49 percent in thirteen years (Tucker). School uniforms can help improve behavior leading to safer schools and safer communities. School uniforms can also lead to an increase in academic behavior leading to betterRead MoreShould Public School System Be Mandatory Uniform Policy?1869 Words   |  8 Pages School Uniforms Sarah Chaudhry SOC 1020-090 University of Utah Fall 2015 â€Æ' Abstract: Unfortunately, public school has become less about education and more about being fashion forward. As a society, there is definitely a higher tendency for people to judge a person’s entire personality solely on what and how they are dressed. The desire to have the latest trending clothes is in far greater demand than to have the highest grades. As a result many issues such as vandalism, bullying, sexual harassmentRead MoreEssay on Three Reasons Why Public Schools Should Wear Uniforms664 Words   |  3 Pagesseen here, in the USA few public schools have need of students to wear a uniform. I went to school in Mexico City and I got to wear uniform every day. It is very common there for students to be dress in uniforms. Most of the time, I think kids in this country are very spoiled and very selfish too. For them to wear an uniform to go to school it is very offensive. The reason is they think they can no longer express themselves. I agree that asking students to wear a unifor m won’t change their attitudeRead MoreOver The Past Years, Most Public School Administrators1385 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past years, most public school administrators have been engaged in the heated debate over whether public school students should put on school uniforms or not. This important argument has drawn the attention of both liberal thinkers and conservatives. From one far end, a section of the society feels that public school students school have the freedom to put on their clothing of choice while the other section feels that there should be uniformity in the public-school attire. Based on such contradicting

Autism A Long Term Mental Disorder - 1034 Words

Autism was discovered 60 years ago it has been puzzling, fascinating and massively researched. In 2001 the University of Birmingham in collaboration with the West Midlands Autistic Society and the Autism Services Accreditation Programme initiated the journal Good Autism Practice. Along with many publications by parent organizations. While it was at first thought that autism might be an early form of childhood schizophrenia, by 1979 this idea was left and deserted. Schizophrenia is a long term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the reaction between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to inaccurate perception inappropriate actions delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation. Changing the title and scope of the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder in 1979 its then editors, Eric Schopler, Michel Rutter and Stella Chess, Stressed Knner’s emphasis on developmental distortions in autism, the increasing evidence of links between autism and other developme ntal disorders, as well as the association of autism with specific medical conditions. The journal was from then and on concerned with a wider range of development issues to clarify the similarities and differences between the various distortions of the developmental process (Wolff, S. 2004). Autism is a complex development disorder that can begin at any point in childhood, from early infancy onward, and which can last throughout a person’s lifetime. The term â€Å"autism† is used to designate a group ofShow MoreRelatedAutism Is A Matter Of Passionate National Debate1197 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ In the past two decades or so, autism has changed from being a condition nobody had even heard about to widely recognized mental health condition. Due to widespread use of internet, social media and smartphones everybody knows something about autism. Just searching for autism in Google brings up more than 68 million results. Autism has become a matter of passionate national debate among different stake holders such as government, public health agencies, mental health associations, non-profit organizationsRead MoreGenetic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1556 Words   |  7 PagesAutism is a cognitive disorder that occurs in the first three years of lif e and affects many children and adults today. It is a common behaviorally defined syndrome characterized by impairments in socialization, abnormalities of verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted, stereotyped interests and behaviors. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was recently edited to more clearly define the 3 main branches of the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). These branchesRead MoreParental Involvement And The Area Of Treatments For Autism Spectrum Disorders885 Words   |  4 Pagessituation. The involvement becomes even more critical when you consider the increasing rate at which children are being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and the lack of funding and available services for these families and children. While some families may have access to treatments and the funds to pay for them studies are showing that it is more beneficial long term for the parents to be involved and continue the work in the home. It is also impo rtant to consider that it is the parents who knowRead More Special Education Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents. This paper will define severe disabilities, mental retardation, traumatic brain injury, autism, and deaf-blindness. In addition, this paper will address the characteristics and causes of each disability. Definition of Severe Disabilities There are many different definitions used to define the meaning of severe disabilities, a general definition for severe disabilities is any disability that significantly limits a persons physical, mental or emotional performance, and requires ongoing extensiveRead MoreAutism Spectrum1147 Words   |  5 Pagesand research pertaining to autism is very broad and includes more than just autism itself. A child with an autistic disorder is hard to identify because autism is not easily seen. Autism is more of a mental and social disorder; it doesn’t really have anything to do with a physical outlook. The autism disorder doesn’t only deal with autism; there are five other primary disorders involved with autism. When screening a child for autism, they will find out if any other disorders should be diagnosed. ScreeningRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Autism is really come along ways from where it use to be. There’s been so much research done to try and track it early and see if there’s something that can done to try and prevent it. There are celebrities with the disorder as well as some celebrity kids or their children with it. The definition of autism is a pervasive developmental disorder of children, characterized by impaired communication, excessive rigidity, and emotional detachment as defined by Dictionary.com and is a part of theRead MoreInside Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a number of deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction with others, and other behaviors. Usually diagnosed in early infancy, this disorder is the most impairing and severe of the neurodevelopmental disorders. Before the publishing and release of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013), Autism Spectrum disorder could be diagnosedRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1575 Words   |  7 Pagessymptoms that have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, the name adopted in 2013) including, repetitive movements, emotional difficulties, sensory problems, etc. The exact cause of these symptoms is a widely debated topic. In this paper, I will discuss the overall prevalent causes for Autism as well as the different variations and subgroups. People are familiar with other disorders such as Down syndrome or Trisomy 21. These types of disorders are discussed frequently because of theRead MoreThe Influence of Childhood Mental Disorders On the Quality of Public Education1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthe contemporary world to see a child with some sort of mental disorder. Fortunately, it is usually not as serious as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, but nonetheless it is a great stress for both the kid, their family and peopl e around them. According to the reports by the U. S. Surgeon General and the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2010), four million children and adolescents in this country suffer from a serious mental disorder that causes significant functional impairments at homeRead MoreDifferentiating the Diagnosis Between Autism and Aspergers Disorders1113 Words   |  5 PagesTwenty years ago, we seldom heard of the terms Autism or Aspergers Syndrome. Today the terminology seems to be as well known as the words Schizophrenia or Down Syndrome . Most of us know someone who has a relative with one of these disorders, or have a child or a relative ourselves who has been diagnosed. While the terms are recognizable, these disorders are relatively new to the ordinary citizen. The knowledge of the cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are even further limited. For those

The Effects Of Steroids And The Impact On Athletes

For my supporting article, I will be researching the drug abuse in sports. There are numerous aspects within this topic, some of which will be highlighted within my research. Firstly, I have chosen to write about steroids and the impact they have on athletes. I decided to choose this topic as I consider myself an athletic person and believe this is a perfect subject for me. I found a lot of my information on the topic from www.health.ny.gov/publications/1210 which has helped with my research. It is important to try and understand why athletes take steroids. Each individual will have a different reason on why they have decided to use the performance enhancing drugs. These can range from wanting to make the team itself, impressing†¦show more content†¦These specific steroids are man-made and are available legally under certain circumstances. They can be prescribed to an individual by a doctor to help treat conditions where the body produces a low amount of testosterone, body wasting in diseases such as AIDS which leads to a loss of lean muscle mass. In 2015, it was found that as many as 1,084,000 of Americans have used anabolic steroids and that 80% of them believed that the drugs could improve their athletic performance to enable them to reach their athletic goals (http://healthresearchfunding.org/20-incredible-statistics-steroid-use-professional-sports/). However, steroids cannot improve an individual’s athletic skills and agility, these are down to vari ous factors such as generics, body size, sex, age, diet and the training regime. Athletes abuse anabolic steroids as they believe it will enhance their performance and improve their physical appearance. These can be taken both orally and injected through the use of needles. Typically, steroids are taken in a method known as cycling, which means that they are taken in cycle of either weeks or months. This allows the individual to take doses of steroids over a period of time, stopping the process for a certain amount of time to again start back up. The number of players within the National Football League (NFL) that abuse steroids is unknown. However, there have been

Journal of Economics & Management Strategy - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Economics Management Strategy. Answer: Introduction The retail sector is growing rapidly in todays business world and it has become more complex with the emergence of thousands of stores, micro-suits, micro-apps and commercial networks that are covering multiple geographies(Kim, Allaway and Ellinger 2015). In order to create frequently refreshed products, the local markets have developed as a way to further accurately tailored merchandise offerings to the market demand. This report will shed light on one of the notable Australian retail company, the Myer Holdings Limited. It will focus on its external environmental factors including the political, competitive, economic and technological trends that is influencing the organization and its marketing strategies and the opportunities and threats that is there in the current market for the organization. Discussion Background of the Organization Myer is one of the famous Australian retail company that is fulfilling its consumers needs through various different retail outlets. It was founded in the year 1900 in Victoria, Australia and the founder of this company is Sidney Myer (Myer 2018). After it prospered, the second Myer store opened in the year 1908. It is serving throughout Australia since its emergence. The company is long been regarded as the largest departmental store of Australia by the store count and revenue. The main target markets of Myer are the high LSM (Living Standard Measure) groups or the high-income earners. However, the company is also planning to extend its target markets and adding to it the black middle class and the lower LSM as in the near future, they too will buy clothes and foods from the stores. It retails a large range of products, starting from mens, womens and childrens clothing; footwear; cosmetics; accessories; home wares; furniture; books; toys; travel goods; bedding; electrical and food a nd confectionaries. Theoretical Framework Marketing environment is the amalgamation of both the external and the internal forces and factors that could affect an organizations potential to establish its relationship with the customers and serve them to their best (Dawson 2014). The external environment plays a very important role in shaping up the future of an entire organization as well as that of the individual business. It comprises of the various factors that are external to the business of the organization, upon which there is a little or no control of the market. It is very essential for planning the future of the business, understanding the customers, tapping the market trends, tapping the future opportunities and understanding the competitors. A better understanding of these elements allows the marketers to develop their business to a greater extent. The relevant external environments that are to be analyzed are the micro and the macro environments. The micro environment constitutes the suppliers, market intermediari es, partners, customers, competitors, and the public (Palmer 2012). On the other hand, the macro environment constitutes the demographic, economic, physical, technological, political-legal, and the socio-cultural environment. External environmental analysis In order to analyze the external environment of the Myer, the micro environmental analysis is considered, i.e. its competitors, economic growth and stability, political trends, legal and regulatory issues, technology and the socio-cultural trends. Competitors:Competition among the companies is intense in Australia. Different firms compete for same customers with very little or no switching costs. Here, the competition is dependent on differentiation. However, the main rivalry company of Myer is the David Jones (Akbar and Ahsan 2014). Economic growth and stability:Economic factors such as high rate of unemployment and recession have a strong effect on the businesss financial performance (Fairlie 2013). The global financial crisis has also declined the condition of almost every organization. However, the Australian retail industry has maintained more stability than in other parts of the world. Political trends: The political environment of every country is related with the organizations performance and the retail companies are influenced some or the other way by the political climate. The political changes and disturbance discourages the investors and the business from entering into the market because of the risk of business failure and low rates of return. Legal and regulatory issues- Recruitment, employee management, requirements of food licensing and taxation policies are the major aspects of legal framework for the retail industry. The qualities of the food items that are available in the stores must be in accordance to the regulation of the country. In addition, opening of retail outlets must get approval from the governmental authority (Scollo, Bayly and Wakefield, 2015). Technology: The use of RFID in the company has helped it in efficient inventory management and in keeping stocks available for the customers. It has also made the use of SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) in its operations. It is seen that the consumers are not agreeable to every type of technology. Therefore, the industry needs to link its technology in accordance to the customer preference and needs. Socio-cultural trends:The consumers in modern days are increasingly wanting the retail shopping experience which includes the availability of large range of products with fair prices (Schiffman et al. 2013). There are times when the encouragements for buying the products are supplied by the family members and peer of the consumers of Myer(Christopher 2016).. In addition, the social needs are also some sense of belonging, which the consumers of Myer develop interest of buying, also, the safety need is for the reliability and the security of the customers. Summary of opportunities and threats The opportunities and threats include: Opportunities: Innovation Emerging of market and the expansion to abroad The emergence of products and services The foreign players are dominating the retail sectors. Hence, there is an opportunity for Myer to be tied up with these players. Online service Acquisitions Threats: Competition (David Jones) Economic slowdown Price war Relatively cheaper technology External changes such as taxes, politics and government Changes in consumers preferences Trouble to target every segments of the society Conclusion The above external environmental analysis of Myer has helped in identifying the major barriers in the national, economic and political sectors. The above mentioned external factors are influencing the retail market in every way and it will continue to have an impact on it in the future as well. In conclusion, it can be said that in order to maintain its current position, the company must concern its external surroundings. References: Akbar, S. and Ahsan, K., 2014. Analysis of corporate social disclosure practices of Australian retail firms.International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting,6(4), pp.375-396. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Dawson, J.A., 2014.The Marketing Environment (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 1). pp.16-18. Fairlie, R.W., 2013. Entrepreneurship, economic conditions, and the great recession.Journal of Economics Management Strategy,22(2), pp.207-231. Kim, K., Allaway, A.W. and Ellinger, A.E., 2015. Retail Assortment Size and Customer Choice Overload: The Influence of Shopping Enjoyment and Time Pressure. InMarketing Dynamism Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same(pp. 139-139). Springer, Cham. Myer. 2018. About Us. [online] Available at: https://www.myer.com.au/p/about-myer/ [Accessed 7 Jan. 2018]. Palmer, A., 2012.Introduction to marketing: theory and practice. Oxford University Press. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013.Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Scollo, M., Bayly, M. and Wakefield, M., 2015. Availability of illicit tobacco in small retail outlets before and after the implementation of Australian plain packaging legislation.Tobacco control,24(e1), pp.e45-e51.

Consumer Behavior in Virgin Australia

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behavior in Virgin Australia. Answer: Introduction The customers are the drivers to the organizations growth. They are the buyer of the services or the products offered by the organization; therefore, there satisfaction and brand loyalty is critical in assuring the profitability of the organization. The companies create different customer segments and then direct their marketing strategies towards different customer segments. Market segmentation is also essential in the product development and designing. The companies cannot create products which appeal to all thee customer segments; therefore, it is essential that the companies create different market segments and develop marketing strategies accordingly (Phillips Gully, 2013). In the present competitive market, the acquisition and the retention of the customers is essential as the competitors are implementing different strategies to increase their market share. The competitive companies try to snatch away the share of the other companies to create market dominance. It is necessary that the organization consistently focus on the satisfaction of their customers so that they remain loyal to the organization. The customer satisfaction is also necessary in increasing the brand image of the organization. At present, the companies are commonly using the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) to promote the goodwill of the company. The customers are attracted towards the organization which are socially responsible and work for the environment and society (Phillips Gully, 2013). Customer Behavior in Airline Industry The consumer behavior impacts on the purchase trends in the aviation industry. It could be examined that the consumers are concerned about the services provided and the cost of the travel in the airline industry. A large number of customers are concerned about the environmental impact of the travel (Nair, 2013). The services offered to the customers are critical in the selection of the airlines. The customers emphasizes on the boarding and the clearance time, online ticketing and the luggage capacity of the airplane in the selection of the airlines (Soomro, 2012). The service quality in the aviation industry is dependent upon booking, check-in, safety control, boarding and in-flight services to the company. The first step at which the services can be provided by the aviation industry is the booking of the tickets. It creates the impression for the later stages as well as for the organization. If the expectations of the customers are met during this stage, it creates a positive image of the organization. The airline companies can uplift the standard of the services by increasing the security, simplicity and availability of the services. The customers should be able to access the booking system through online mediums, easily book the tickets in a secured manner. The representatives of the organization should also remain available to provide services and solve the queries of the customers (Munroe, 2014). The companies have to take into consideration all the attributes and the preferences of customers to uplift the standard of service offered to the customers. Meeting the demands and the expectations of the customers can result in satisfied customers and increase the customer retention. In the check-ins of the customers, the efficiency and the helpfulness of the employees is considered as significant success factors. The ability to offer the services quickly and effectively results in efficiency of the organization. The helpfulness and efficiency of the frontline employees is important in increasing the overall satisfaction of the customers (Fojt, 2006). The safety control and the safety measure implemented by the organization are also critical in building the perception of high service quality. At this stage, the past experiences of the customers are also essential in developing the perception of customers related to the security. At the time of flight boarding, the average waiting time and the information available to the customers is essential in determining the service quality offered to the customers. In the overall service quality measurement, the services offered to the customers during the flight are the most crucial in determining the customer satisfaction with the overall services. During this time, the most significant factors in the determination of service quality are perceived knowledge, perceived trust induction, perceived helpfulness and perceived security by the customers. When a passenger boards a flight, he expects that the official personnel designated will be knowledgeable regarding the flight timings and route a nd thus inculcate a sense of security. These services are of utmost importance to the customers because if an aviation company will not provide these services, it will directly impact on the consumer perception regarding the quality and the competence of the services regarding the services. The knowledge and security is essential in delivering effective service quality to the customers in the aviation industry (Venkatesh, 2013). At present, there is intense competition among the airline companies to select the most acquire the maximum customers in the air travel. Accordingly, the airlines provide discounts, no frill offerings or excellent services to the customers. There is growing trend among the budget travellers and the business travellers to use the no frill services for short haul or domestic flights. As a result, various domestic flights have emerged which provide short haul services to the customers and offer frequent travel at cheaper costs. The services offered to the customers are also limited however; they do not create any discomfort to the people. The Virgin Group has also merged with the philosophy of offering excellent services to the customers at competitive prices. In Australia, there are a large number of domestic travelers who use no frill services to travel in major cities. These customers prefer to travel in the most cost-effective manner (Virgin Australia, 2017). Customer Segments in Airline Industry The companies in the airline industry adopt extensive strategies to segment their customers according to their willingness to pay. The primary division of the customers is according to their paying capacity. Most of the customers are given different class of seating such as economy class, business class and the first class. In the airlines industry, the customers can be segmented according to their need of travel and their purchasing power. On the basis if the customer intent, the airline travellers can be differentiated as the business travelers and the leisure travelers. The business travelers are the frequent travelers and travel six to twelve times in a year. Demographically, they can be categorized as males in the age group of 30-50. The median income of this group is higher than other travelers. These customers are connected with their families and friends with technology. They are tech-savvy people and commonly use laptops, smartphones and portable GPS. The time is of high imp ortance to business travelers and they can switch the airline due to the long waiting time. The business travelers are also highly sensitive about the services offered to them and peculiar about the facilities (Business Travel News, 2017). The leisure traveler can be characterized by their long duration of stay at foreign places. The demand of the leisure market segment has grown substantially with the increase in the purchasing power of the customers. The major different between the leisure segment and the business segment is the demographics of the leisure travels. Unlike the business travel which is dominated by men, the leisure travelers have appropriate balance between the male and female travelers. There is also difference in the age profile of these customer groups. While the business market segment is concentrated between the travelers in the age-group of 35-55, the leisure travelers comprises of travelers of all age groups. Children as well as young adults in high income group and increased propensity for travel and tourism are major customers in this segment (Papatheodorou, 2016). The Virgin Australia is the second biggest airline of Australia. The company has large customer base of the affluent business travelers. Recently, the company has become the most profitable aviation organization in Australia due to the low oil prices and high domestic airfares. The company provides high quality services to the business travelers to increase the customer retention. The satisfaction of the business travelers with Virgin Australia is 86% which is higher than other leading business organizations. The affluent business travelers are the primary target market for the organization and the company has implemented a number of strategies to exploit it. It has increased the number of domestic flights between different business destinations (Roy Morgan Research, 2013). An airline agency can distinguish itself by the product differentiation or cost leadership. In the aviation industry, the product differentiation can be achieved by providing effective services to the customers. The aviation companies can provide services at different situations to increase the customer satisfaction. The companies can also differentiate by offering low cost to the customers. At present, a large number of companies are using the cost leadership strategy to attain competitive advantage. The no frill flights are an extension of this strategy (Schermerhorn, 2010). Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty In the present competitive epoch, the companies are mostly competing upon the services offered to the customers. The focus of the companies is on providing excellent services to the customers to increase the customer loyalty. Virgin Airlines is the most common example of customer-centricity wherein the employees of the organization are focused on creating pleasant and fun experience for the customers. It uses the top-notch planes, competitive fares, excellent services and providing fun and innovative amenities to the customers. Due to the excellent services provided by the company, it is named Worlds Best Domestic Airline for the eighth year in a row. It aims to create a guest-centric travel experience in which the travel experience in every flight is enhanced through better design, technology and excellent services. The designing of the website is also conducted in such a manner so that it promotes the fun spirit and excellent services provided by the organization (Virgin Australia, 2017). The self-help section of the company is also extensive and the customers can find updates related to the bookings of hotels, vacation packages or the rental cars. The schedule of the fights and related information such as cabins, food selection is provided at the website of the organization. The website of the company is designed using the color themes of purples and reds which reflect the fun and cool image of the organization. Virgin Australia is a part of the Virgin Group headquartered in the UK. It is a small company with high presence in the UK and Australian market. Therefore, it is a limited digital marketing budget in comparison to other airlines. The company has to conduct its marketing in its limited budget. Moreover, it is a budget airline and the customers of the airlines travel only once or twice in a year. Therefore, it is important that the company implements effective marketing strategy to establish long-term relationships with the customers. The employees are also ef fective in creating social trends which attracts the customers towards the organization (Popick, 2017). Conclusion The customers are the buyers of the services or the product and play a vital role in the product development and the development of the marketing strategies. The market of the aviation industry can be differentiated in business travelers and the leisure travelers. The business travelers are in the age group 30-50 and comprises of mostly males. The travelers are concerned about their time and budget. They want excellent services at the cheapest prices. On the other hand, the leisure travelers are the people who travel less often by flights. This customer target group includes the people in different age and gender. The most lucrative customer segment of the company is the affluent business travelers who are willing to pay higher prices for excellent services. The company has implemented different strategies to address the needs of this customer segment. It includes providing excellent services at the time of boarding or in-flight. The company also promotes free and casual spirit. The website of the company is also flexible and user friendly which shows the commitment and the customer-centricity of the organization. References Busines Travel News. (2017). Understanding Your Travel Population. Retrieved from 5 April 2017 from https://www.businesstravelnews.com/uploadedFiles/White_Papers/BTN_Concur_0412_FINAL.pdf Fojt, M. (2006). The Airline Industry. Emerald Group Publishing. Munroe, C. (2014). Challenging in Delivering Quality Services: Balancing Customer Expectations and Perceptions in Airline Industry: Case Study: Norwegian Airline. GRIN Verlag. Nair, B. (2013). A Study On The Attitudes And Buying Behavior Of Air Travelers In Contributing To A Sustainable Environment. International Journal of Engineering and Management Studies 4(1), 11-15. Papatheodorou, A. (2016). Aviation and Tourism: Implications for Leisure Travel. Routledge. Phillips, J.M., Gully, S.M. (2013). Organizational Behavior: Tools for Success. Cengage Learning. Popick, J. (2017). How Virgin Atlantic's Marketing Nails It. Inc. Retrieved from 5 April 2017 from https://www.inc.com/janine-popick/how-virgin-atlantics-marketing-nails-it.html Roy Morgan Research. (2013). Domestic business travellers most satisfied with Virgin Australia. Roy Morgan Research. Retrieved from 5 April 2017 from https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/domestic-business-travellers-satisfied-with-virgin-201308280121 Schermerhorn, J.R. (2010). Management. John Wiley Sons. Soomro, Y.L. et al. (2012). Factors Effecting Consumer Preferences in Airline Industry. Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, 7(1), 63 79. Venkatesh, N. (2013). A study on changing consumer preference and satisfaction levels towards the Budget Airline, Tiger Airways and Air Asia; Competitive Prospective. International Journal of Management 1(6), 6-18. Virgin Australia. (2017). Home Page. Retrieved from 5 April 2017 from https://www.virginaustralia.com/uk/en/ Ward, C. (2015). In-flight insight: The key to customer experience at Virgin Atlantic. Retrieved from 5 April 2017 from https://www.mycustomer.com/service/channels/in-flight-insight-the-key-to-customer-experience-at-virgin-atlantic